美国学前教师职前培训体系演进之路省思与启示

美国是世界上学前教育最发达的国家之一,非常重视学前教育师资的培训和质量的提高,高素质的幼教师资主要通过职前培训这个途径来实现。本研究对美国学前教师职前培训体系发展历程进行了梳理,分为学徒制时期、培训学校时期、师范学校时期、师范学院时期和综合大学的教育学院和文理学院的教育系时期。反思不同时期美国学前教师职前培训的经验与教训,结合我国国情,在培训目标、课程设置、质量保障机制、教育实践等几个方面对我国学前师资的职前培训体系进行展望。     

Labour-Market Developments at a Time of Heightened Uncertainty

These are testing times for labour-market policies in Indonesia. The country faces two major challenges in an unpredictable international and domestic environment: providing people with better, more secure jobs and raising productivity to help raise living standards and reduce poverty. Over the past several months, new global and domestic threats to economic growth have emerged and may hinder progress in jobs and productivity. In the longer term, the government is searching for new strategies to increase productivity, with a focus on supply-side investments in skills and training. In relation to events abroad, uncertainty has increased over the early initiatives taken by the new US president and his nationalist administration, such as the scuttling of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal. At home, likely to be of some significance for economic policy are mass actions that were levelled against Jakarta’s governor but de facto also directed against the government. In the medium term, our assessment of the record of the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) government on the labour market is mixed. Over the past two years, growth has been slower than under the previous administration and hence job creation has also been muted. The experience of a handful of countries in Asia suggests that the government might have done more to stimulate economic growth and create jobs. The disappointing performance of manufacturing stands out. Yet inflation has fallen and the slide in the value of international trade—both exports and imports—has reversed in recent months. Improved fiscal management and a generally successful tax amnesty are other pluses. There was also an unexpected but considerable fall in unemployment in 2015–16, according to labour-force statistics. Some policies, such as the new approach to minimum wages, seem to have had beneficial effects for both business and the economy, and Indonesia has done well in some international rankings, such as the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index. However, the picture for the medium to longer term seems less bright for the labour market. There has been much talk about raising productivity by improving skills through government support for investment in training and apprenticeships, as well as by expanding vocational training along the lines of the German model. Expanding tourism is seen as one solution to the lack of employment for young secondary- and tertiary-educated jobseekers. But we have an impression of policy-making on the run; often, the argument for government intervention has not been made clearly enough. We argue that Indonesia still lacks a coherent, well-thought-out plan to increase jobs and productivity.     

能力导向的工程素养培养模式研究--高等工科院校教师需要“双师素质”

从我国高等工科院校“重理论、轻实践”的现状出发，提出了高等工科院校迫切需要“双师素质”教师。在明确“双师素质”内涵的前提下，提出了“双师素质”教师培养的途径和措施，即改变工科教育的教育观念与教育模式，加强工科院校教师的工程教育，引进科研院所、企业的高级工程技术人才，减轻教师的理论教学工作量加强科研实践，制定职务聘任等方面相应的配套政策。     

Can teaching social dilemmas make people more prosocial? An experiment

Economics and business students regularly behave less prosocially than others. Can ethics training reverse this tendency? Results from a repeated public goods experiment reveal that it can. Students who attend an interactive lecture on social dilemmas show significantly more cooperation than others. However, the lecture does not appear to increase the incidence of reciprocal behavior. As many current social problems qualify as social dilemmas, this result stresses the importance of ethics training for policy makers and curriculum designers alike in overcoming the incentive structure of social dilemmas.     

订单式培养与现代学徒制对比研究

2014年2月26日国务院常务会议,明确提出了开展校企联合招生、联合培养的现代学徒制试点的意见。目前,现代学徒制试点工作正在积极推进,但许多职业院校简单地将订单培养理解为现代学徒制。文章论述了现代学徒制定的内涵,对订单培养和现代学徒制进行了比较,探讨了推行现代学徒制的基本思路,为职业院校开展现代学徒制试点提供理论参考。     

传统型美术专业在应用型本科院校中的生存与发展

传统型美术专业是否真的具有培养应用型人才的能力，是值得思考的问题。大众化教育是我国高等教育的新局面，但应用型本科院校中的传统美术专业却逐渐变为冷门。课程改革的迟缓、生源数量的减少、校地合作的局限性等问题，一直困扰着传统型美术专业。如何能够向应用型教育模式转变，是扭转此番尴尬局面的关键。     

电子制造类高技能人才定向培养模式的研究与实践——以南京电子学会电子装联定向班为例

随着我国电子制造产业的迅速发展和电子保有量的迅速增长，电子制造业高技能人才需求激增与电子行业高素质从业人员严重不足的矛盾日益凸显。电子从业人员数量不足、整体素质不高已成为制约我国电子制造产业发展的一大瓶颈。企业化定向培养方案、企业化职业指导和“岗位型”实习形式或可较好地构建起全新的育人模式，有利于探索具有区域特色、符合江苏电子制造产业发展需要的高技能人才专门化培养的全新模式。     

职业技能培训对农民阶层地位获得影响的实证研究

我国在由计划经济向社会主义市场经济转型的过程中,个人自致性因素对阶层地位获得的影响日益突出。在众多的个人自致性因素中,职业技能培训是最重要的个人自致性因素之一,其对阶层地位获得发挥着举足轻重的作用。笔者通过实证研究证实：职业技能培训对农民阶层地位的获得存在显著影响。为了更好地推进农民的职业技能培训,一方面要充分发挥政府、企业、社会组织和农民个人等各个方面在农民职业技能培训中的作用,建立社会协同培训的格局;另一方面,在开展农民职业技能培训内容的设计和实施时,必须充分考虑到不同培训对象的不同需求,增加职业技能培训的针对性。     

高职营销专业实训教学模式探索与实践

为了弥补高职营销专业的学生在专业学习过程中社会实践的不足,教师可以通过科学实用的案例任务的设计和开放式的小组合作学习方式的有机组合,开展课程实训,培养提升学生综合职业能力,提高教学效果和效率。     

试论立德树人视野下的高校辅导员与学生关系——深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述

高等教育的根本任务是“立德树人”,辅导员是高等院校从事思想政治教育的中坚力量,是“立德”教育任务的重要执行者,大学生是思想不断发展的未完成个体,具有基本价值判断能力和较强的时代特征.“立德树人”教育任务的完成,需要高校认清辅导员和大学生的应然关系和实然关系的基础上和谐师生关系,才能从根本上完成德育任务.